Chapter 18: Infectious Disease
Key Terms
Pathogen : ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Toxin : ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Infectious Disease: ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Joseph Lister 1860’s Doctor who first detected microorganisms were killing his patients.
He used carbolic acid on hands before surgery and reduced deaths from 45 % to 15%.
Robert Koch: 1870 – 1880: German Physician who demonstrated each disease was caused by a specific pathogen. I.E. one causes pneumonia and one causes rabies. Evil spirits were not the cause..
4 Types of Pathogens
Bacteria: Single celled that cause ear infections, food poisoning, and strep throat. Some damage cells directly with a pathogen
Viruses: tiny parasites (live on or in something) damages and destroys cells such as the cold and flu.
Fungi Mold and yeasts that can cause disease such as ringworm and athletes feet.
Protists Diseases such as malaria, dysentery, and African sleeping sickness.
How they spread
Infected People
Direct (such kissing holding hands, door knobs) and indirect such as sneezing
Food, Water, and Soil:
Naturally in the soil or by food and water that has become contaminated.
Contaminated Objects: Towels, Silverwear, doorknobs
Infected Animals Bite of animal that is infected such as a tick, mosquitos, or rabies from a pet.
Body’s Defenses/Noninfectious Disease
Barriers That Keep Pathogens Out
Skin Pathogens have to get through many layers of dead skin to get in. The main way for them to get in is from a cut of the living cells.
Breathing Passages Mucus and cilia trap and remove bacteria as it enters the respiratory system.
Iritants cause you to cough and sneeze to force it out.
Mouth and Stomach Saliva has a chemical and the stomach has an acid to kill bacteria.
Inflammatory response
White blood cell Disease fighters
Phagocytes white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down.
Inflammation Blood vessels widen to increase blood flow to an area to deliver more white blood cells.
Fever Actually helps fight an infection because they do not grow and reproduce at higher temperatures
Immune System Response
Lymphocytes - white blood cells that distinguish between different pathogens
Antigens - molecules that the immune sysm recognizes as part of your body or coming from outside of the body. Similar to an athletes uniform to tell where their from.
Antibodies Proteins that kill pathogens. Mark for destruction, keep them from attachingor force pathogens to clump together
T Cells Identify and distinguish pathogens by certain markers molecules called antigens
B Cells Make antibodies which kill pathogens. The help the body know to destroy pathogen. Antigens and antibodies fit together like a puzzle
AIDS - only virus that directly attacks and kills T Cells which lowers ability to fight off infection.
Section 4 Noninfectious Diseases
Noninfectious Diseases - diseases that are not caused by pathogens inside of the body.
Allergies - disease where the immune system of overly sensitive to a foreign substance which causes a chain reactions within the body.
Allergens - substance that causes an allergy such as dust mold, food or medicines.
Enter by inhalation, touch, or by eating them
Histamines - chemical responsible for symptoms of an allergy such as sneezing or watery eyes.
Antihistamines - chemical responsible for lessening the reaction of histamines
Epi pens Epinephrine auto injectors shoot chemical epinephrine treatment of acute allergic reactions to avoid or treat the onset of anaphylactic shock
Asthma disorder which respiratory system narrows causes wheezing and shortness of breath.
Diabetes Disease that affects the pancreas’ ability to produce insulin (used to make glucose or sugar) in the blood or the urine.
Causes to lose weight, feel weak, and be hungry all the time. It may also cause blindness kidney failure, and heart disease.
Type I - childhood diabetes that that pancreas produces little or no insulin
Type II - forms in adulthood by not enough insulin or cells not responding to insulin.
Preventable by exercise diet, and weight control.
Key Terms
Pathogen : ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Toxin : ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Infectious Disease: ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Joseph Lister 1860’s Doctor who first detected microorganisms were killing his patients.
He used carbolic acid on hands before surgery and reduced deaths from 45 % to 15%.
Robert Koch: 1870 – 1880: German Physician who demonstrated each disease was caused by a specific pathogen. I.E. one causes pneumonia and one causes rabies. Evil spirits were not the cause..
4 Types of Pathogens
Bacteria: Single celled that cause ear infections, food poisoning, and strep throat. Some damage cells directly with a pathogen
Viruses: tiny parasites (live on or in something) damages and destroys cells such as the cold and flu.
Fungi Mold and yeasts that can cause disease such as ringworm and athletes feet.
Protists Diseases such as malaria, dysentery, and African sleeping sickness.
How they spread
Infected People
Direct (such kissing holding hands, door knobs) and indirect such as sneezing
Food, Water, and Soil:
Naturally in the soil or by food and water that has become contaminated.
Contaminated Objects: Towels, Silverwear, doorknobs
Infected Animals Bite of animal that is infected such as a tick, mosquitos, or rabies from a pet.
Body’s Defenses/Noninfectious Disease
Barriers That Keep Pathogens Out
Skin Pathogens have to get through many layers of dead skin to get in. The main way for them to get in is from a cut of the living cells.
Breathing Passages Mucus and cilia trap and remove bacteria as it enters the respiratory system.
Iritants cause you to cough and sneeze to force it out.
Mouth and Stomach Saliva has a chemical and the stomach has an acid to kill bacteria.
Inflammatory response
White blood cell Disease fighters
Phagocytes white blood cell that engulfs pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down.
Inflammation Blood vessels widen to increase blood flow to an area to deliver more white blood cells.
Fever Actually helps fight an infection because they do not grow and reproduce at higher temperatures
Immune System Response
Lymphocytes - white blood cells that distinguish between different pathogens
Antigens - molecules that the immune sysm recognizes as part of your body or coming from outside of the body. Similar to an athletes uniform to tell where their from.
Antibodies Proteins that kill pathogens. Mark for destruction, keep them from attachingor force pathogens to clump together
T Cells Identify and distinguish pathogens by certain markers molecules called antigens
B Cells Make antibodies which kill pathogens. The help the body know to destroy pathogen. Antigens and antibodies fit together like a puzzle
AIDS - only virus that directly attacks and kills T Cells which lowers ability to fight off infection.
Section 4 Noninfectious Diseases
Noninfectious Diseases - diseases that are not caused by pathogens inside of the body.
Allergies - disease where the immune system of overly sensitive to a foreign substance which causes a chain reactions within the body.
Allergens - substance that causes an allergy such as dust mold, food or medicines.
Enter by inhalation, touch, or by eating them
Histamines - chemical responsible for symptoms of an allergy such as sneezing or watery eyes.
Antihistamines - chemical responsible for lessening the reaction of histamines
Epi pens Epinephrine auto injectors shoot chemical epinephrine treatment of acute allergic reactions to avoid or treat the onset of anaphylactic shock
Asthma disorder which respiratory system narrows causes wheezing and shortness of breath.
Diabetes Disease that affects the pancreas’ ability to produce insulin (used to make glucose or sugar) in the blood or the urine.
Causes to lose weight, feel weak, and be hungry all the time. It may also cause blindness kidney failure, and heart disease.
Type I - childhood diabetes that that pancreas produces little or no insulin
Type II - forms in adulthood by not enough insulin or cells not responding to insulin.
Preventable by exercise diet, and weight control.
viruses_and_bacteria.pptx | |
File Size: | 2886 kb |
File Type: | pptx |